What scale is Warhammer? 40K, Age of Sigmar and The Old World

Warhammer 40,000 is 28mm heroic scale, about 1:56 to 1:60, which puts a human figure at about 29 to 31 mm (1.1 to 1.2 in) to the top of the head. Kits have grown since the taller Primaris Space Marines arrived in 2017, and Wargamer now calls 32mm (about 1:54) the standard size. The ratios below come from Wikipedia and the hobby press, with Games Workshop’s own wording quoted where it gives any.

Game	Scale	Ratio	Human figure at that ratio
Warhammer 40,000, older kits	28mm heroic	≈1:56 to 1:60	28.8 to 30.9 mm
Warhammer 40,000, current kits	32mm	≈1:54	32.0 mm
Necromunda	28mm, as 40K	≈1:56	30.9 mm
Age of Sigmar	32mm	≈1:50 to 1:54	32.0 to 34.6 mm
Warhammer Fantasy Battle, The Old World	28mm	≈1:56 to 1:64	27.0 to 30.9 mm
Warmaster	10mm	≈1:160 to 1:182	9.5 to 10.8 mm
Legions Imperialis, Adeptus Titanicus (2018)	Epic, about 8mm	≈1:190 to 1:225	7.7 to 9.1 mm
Epic 40,000 and older Epic games	6mm	≈1:285 to 1:300	5.8 to 6.1 mm

The last column is a 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) person, the average man’s height The Miniatures Page uses, divided by the ratio: 1,730 / 56 = 30.9 mm.

What scale is Warhammer 40K?

Warhammer 40K is 28mm heroic scale, about 1:56 to 1:60. Wikipedia lists 28mm heroic as the 30 mm size Games Workshop introduced for 40K figures, and gives Necromunda and 40K as 28 mm, approximately 1:56. Current kits run larger: Wargamer calls 32mm, about 1:54, the standard size for 40K models.

“Heroic” describes build as well as height. Wikipedia defines heroic scale by oversized heads, hands, feet and weapons. Two figures of the same height can look a size apart.

Sources disagree on where 40K sits now, because the range has grown:

• 28mm. A 2023 Wargamer article calls 28mm “the size used for all the regular Warhammer 40k factions”.
• Taller marines. Wikipedia notes the Primaris Space Marines that arrived with the eighth edition in 2017 are taller than the earlier, now “Firstborn”, marines. In 2023 Games Workshop described its new Terminators as “substantially filled out to match the scale, and the increased detail, of modern Space Marines.”
• 32mm. A 2024 Wargamer review calls 32mm the standard size for 40K and Age of Sigmar models.

At the 1.73 m reference a figure is 28.8 mm (1.13 in) at 1:60, 30.9 mm (1.22 in) at 1:56 and 32.0 mm (1.26 in) at 1:54.

Necromunda uses the same figures. Wikipedia describes it, like its parent game 40K, as 28 mm miniatures and terrain at approximately 1:56.

What scale is Warhammer Age of Sigmar?

Warhammer Age of Sigmar is usually called 32mm, about 1:54; Wargamer names 32mm the standard size for Age of Sigmar and 40K models. Wikipedia says the game replaced Warhammer Fantasy Battle in 2015 using the models made for that 28mm line, so older kits in an army stand smaller.

Wikipedia gives 32mm as about 1:54 and the most common size for modern wargaming miniatures. Its list of scale model sizes puts 32mm heroic figures at 1:50. At the 1.73 m reference, that is a figure 32.0 mm (1.26 in) tall at 1:54 and 34.6 mm (1.36 in) at 1:50.

What scale is Warhammer: The Old World?

Warhammer: The Old World is 28mm, the same scale as Warhammer Fantasy Battle, about 1:56 to 1:64. In an April 2023 development diary, Games Workshop said new models would be “in the same scale as the returning range from Warhammer Fantasy Battle”, with proportions unchanged. The bases grew instead: every 20 mm square became 25 mm.

The Old World came out on 20 January 2024 as a reboot of Warhammer Fantasy Battle, which ran from 1983 to 2015. Wikipedia gives that game as 28 mm, and its miniature scale table lists 28mm (≈1:62 to 1:64) as the size Games Workshop used in the early editions of its games. Wargamer reports that Games Workshop confirmed in 2021 that The Old World would keep Fantasy Battle’s 28mm. The Miniatures Page adds that Games Workshop figures sold as 25mm measured closer to 28mm.

Figures from the end of Fantasy Battle stand larger than early ones. Games Workshop’s diary says “our models have become larger and more dynamic” over the decades, which is why most 25 mm and 25 x 50 mm bases also moved to new sizes. Base sizes are given in every model’s profile.

Wikipedia gives Warmaster, the mass-battle game set in the same world, 10 mm figures against Fantasy Battle’s 28 mm. Its own Wikipedia article says 10 to 12 mm.

What scale is Warhammer 40K terrain?

Warhammer 40K terrain is built at the same scale as the figures, about 1:54 to 1:60. Wikipedia describes Necromunda and 40K as using 28 mm miniatures and terrain at approximately 1:56. At those ratios a real 2.0 m (6 ft 7 in) door stands 33.3 to 37.0 mm (1.31 to 1.46 in) tall.

The door heights are arithmetic: 2,000 / 60 = 33.3 mm, 2,000 / 56 = 35.7 mm and 2,000 / 54 = 37.0 mm.

To print a building modeled at full size, scale it to 100 divided by the ratio:

Ratio	Slicer scale	A 10 m (32 ft 10 in) building prints
1:54	1.85%	185.2 mm (7.29 in)
1:56	1.79%	178.6 mm (7.03 in)
1:60	1.67%	166.7 mm (6.56 in)

Wikipedia lists 1:56 as a common scale for vehicles made for 28mm wargaming figures, so 1:56 kits sit in the same range. The scale calculator turns any ratio or target size into a slicer percentage.

What scale is Legions Imperialis?

Legions Imperialis is epic scale. Games Workshop describes everything in the range as “around a quarter of the height of their larger Horus Heresy counterpart miniatures”, without a millimeter figure. Wikipedia puts Games Workshop’s current epic scale at about 8mm, roughly 1:190 to 1:225, though its Space Marine article calls the game 6-millimeter scale.

Games Workshop’s quarter rule lands on the same figure: 32 / 4 = 8 mm, or 30 / 4 = 7.5 mm for a heroic 28mm figure. At the 1.73 m reference, an 8 mm figure is 1:216. Wargamer notes that the 2018 Adeptus Titanicus shares the scale, and that its players call it 8mm, about 1:220.

What scale is Epic 40K?

Epic 40K is 6mm, about 1:285 to 1:300. Wikipedia gives Epic’s typical human as a 6 mm figure, roughly a quarter of 40K’s heroic 28mm. That covers the older games: Adeptus Titanicus (1988), Space Marine (1989), Epic 40,000 (1997) and Epic Armageddon (2003). Wargamer adds that the old line scaled infantry, tanks and Titans inconsistently, and that the current epic scale is not the classic 6mm.

How does 1/72 scale compare with Warhammer?

1/72 is smaller. A 1/72 figure of a 1.73 m person is 1,730 / 72 = 24.0 mm (0.94 in) tall, against about 29 to 32 mm for a 40K figure. Wikipedia lists 1:72 as the scale of 20mm plastic figures from makers such as Airfix. A 1/72 vehicle is 54 / 72 = 75% to 60 / 72 = 83.3% as long as the same model at 40K scale.

To use a 1/72 kit file or terrain piece with Warhammer figures, scale it by 72 divided by the target ratio:

1/72 to	Matches	Slicer scale
1:54	32mm, current 40K and Age of Sigmar	133.33%
1:56	28mm heroic 40K, Necromunda	128.57%
1:60	28mm heroic 40K	120%
1:64	28mm, Fantasy and The Old World	112.5%

A 1/72 file 100 mm long prints 128.6 mm long at 1:56.

How do you rescale a Warhammer 3D print?

Divide the target figure height by the source figure height and type the result as a percentage, with uniform scaling on. The miniature scale calculator does this for any pair of scales.

From	To	Slicer scale
28mm (Fantasy, The Old World)	32mm (current 40K, Age of Sigmar)	114.29%
32mm	28mm	87.5%
28mm heroic (30 mm, older 40K)	32mm	106.67%
32mm	28mm heroic (30 mm)	93.75%
40K or Horus Heresy	Legions Imperialis (a quarter)	25%

The base scales with the figure. A 25 mm square base at 114.29% comes out 28.6 mm wide, so where a game sets base sizes, cut the base off before scaling and glue the figure to a stock base. At 25%, every part shrinks to a quarter: a 1 mm sword blade becomes 0.25 mm.